Malaysia is a Southeast Asian country located on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Borneo. The country shares borders with Thailand to the north and is separated by the South China Sea from Vietnam to the northeast and Indonesia to the south and southwest. Malaysia also shares maritime boundaries with the Philippines to the northeast and Brunei to the east. The Malay Peninsula, which extends southward from mainland Asia, is the larger landmass of Malaysia. It borders the Strait of Malacca to the west, which connects the Indian Ocean to the east with the Andaman Sea to the west.

To the east of the Malay Peninsula is the island of Borneo, which is shared with Indonesia and Brunei. The Malaysian part of Borneo, known as East Malaysia, consists of two states: Sabah and Sarawak. Borneo is the third-largest island in the world and is characterized by dense rainforests, rugged mountains, and abundant wildlife. It is separated from the Malay Peninsula by the South China Sea.